Operating System - BCA-II Year Syllabus

 Course Title: Operating Systems

Unit 1: 

Operating system: Definition of operating system, Types of Operating Systems-Batch, 

Multiprogramming, Time Sharing, Real-Time, Distributed, Parallel, OS Services, System 

components, and System Calls. 

Process Management: Concept of Process, Process states, Process Control Block, Context 

switching, Operations on Process. 


Unit 2: 

Process Synchronization and Deadlocks:   

Scheduling- Concept of Process Scheduling, Types of Schedulers, Scheduling criteria, 

Scheduling algorithms Preemptive and Non-preemptive, FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority 

Scheduling, Multilevel Queue Scheduling, Multilevel- feedback Queue Scheduling. 

Process Synchronization: The Producer Consumer Problem, Race Conditions, Critical 

Section Problem, Semaphores, and Classical Problems of Synchronization: Reader-Writer 

Problem, Dinning Philosopher Problem. 

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classification of operating System

  Types of Operating System: There are many different Operating Systems. But operating systems are mainly classified in several categories. These are the following – 1)       Single user and single tasking operating system   2)       Single user and multitasking operating system 3)       Multiuser multitasking Operating System   1) Single user single tasking operating system: This operating system is very popular on personal computers. In this system one user works on a machine at a time. One program can be executed at a time. So this operating system is known as ‘Single user operating system’. If you have a large number of jobs to be executed on such a system, then you have to execute them one after another in sequence. For example: Input and output devices like the printer are very slow as compared to the speed of a CPU. When, you give the printing command a CPU reads a file ...
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What is an operating System

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  What is an operating System?             An operating system is an essential component of a computer system. The primary objectives of an operating system are to make computer system suitable to use and utilized computer hardware. An operating system is a program designed to run other programs on a computer. A computer’s operating system is its most important program. It is considered the backbone of a computer, managing both software and hardware resources. Operating systems are responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. They also manage files on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and scanners. The operating system of a large computer system has even more work to do. Such operating systems monitor different programs and users, making sure everything runs smoothly, without interference,...
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Functions of Operating System

  Functions of Operating System: There are many functions those are performed by the operating system, but the main goal of operating system is to provide the interface between the user and the hardware means provides the interface for working on the system by the user. The various functions those are performed by the operating system, these are the following:- 1)       Input/ Output device management: In a process program takes an input and then produces an output. It takes the input through input devices and produces output through output devices. Thus, it has to handle input and output devices during program execution. It is very tedious to write instructions to directly handle the input and output devices through the user program. Therefore operating system provides device driver to handle input and output devices. Programmers can user these derivers in their program to control the input/output devices. The interaction of the program wit...
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Layered Systems

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  Layered Systems: In the layered system structure, operating system is organized as hierarchy of layers, each of the layers is constructed upon one another. The first system constructed in this way was the THE system built at the Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven in the Netherlands by E. W. Dijkstra and his students. The THE system was a simple batch system for a Dutch computer. Layer 0 assign with allocation of the processor, switching between processes when timers expired.    Above layer 0, the system consisted of sequential processes, each of which could be programmed without having to worry about the fact that multiple processes were running on a single processor. In other words, layer 0 provided the basic multiprogramming of the CPU. Layer 1 was used to the memory management. It distributed space for processes in main memory used for holding parts of processes. Layer 1 was taking care of making sure pages are transport into memory whenever they are needed....
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operating system components

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Operating System components : An Operating system is an interface between users and the hardware of a computer system. It is system software that is viewed as an organized collection of software consisting of procedures and functions, providing an environment for the execution of programs. The operating system manages resources of system software and computer hardware resources. It allows computing resources to be used in an efficient way. Programs interact with computer hardware with the help of operating system. These are the important component of operating system as follows:               Process Management: The operating system manages many types of activities ranging from user programs to system programs like printer spoiler, name servers, file server etc. Each of these activities is summarize in a process. The five major activities of an operating system in regard to process management are : Creation and deletion of user and sys...
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Services Provided by Operating System

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Services Provided by Operating System: An operating system provides an environment for the execution of user programs. It provides certain services to programs and to the users of those programs. The specific services provided, of course, differ from one operating system to another operating system. These operating system services are provided for the convenience of the programmer, to make the programming task easier and more efficiently. The following diagram is shows various operating system-                                Figure: Operating System Services These are the following services provided by operating system- User Interface : Almost all operating systems have a user interface. This interface can take several forms. One is a command-line interface, which uses text commands and a methods for entering them. Another is a batch interface, in which commands and di...
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Batch Operating System

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Batch Operating System : In the early days this system was used. Those days,  the jobs were placed in a job queue and the memory allocate managed the primary memory space, when space was available in the main memory, a job was selected from the job queue and it was loaded into memory. Once the job loaded into primary memory, it competes for the processor. When the processor became available, the processor scheduler selects job that was loaded in the memory and execute it. In batch processing is implemented to provide a batch file processing. So in this approach files of the similar batch are processed to speed up the task. It resulted in improved system utilization and performance of machine,  due to reduced turnaround time of execution job.               In batch processing system, earlier the jobs were scheduled in the order of their arrival that first comes first out(FIFO) / FCFS.  This scheduling method was easy and simple to i...
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