operating system components

Operating System components:

An Operating system is an interface between users and the hardware of a computer system. It is system software that is viewed as an organized collection of software consisting of procedures and functions, providing an environment for the execution of programs. The operating system manages resources of system software and computer hardware resources. It allows computing resources to be used in an efficient way. Programs interact with computer hardware with the help of operating system.

These are the important component of operating system as follows:


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Process Management: The operating system manages many types of activities ranging from user programs to system programs like printer spoiler, name servers, file server etc. Each of these activities is summarize in a process.

The five major activities of an operating system in regard to process management are:

  • Creation and deletion of user and system processes
  • Suspension and resumption of processes
  • A mechanism for process synchronization
  • A mechanism for process communication
  • A mechanism for deadlock handling

Memory Management: Primary memory is the main memory of computer system.   Main-Memory is a large array of bytes. Each byte has its own address. Main-memory provides storage that can be access directly by the CPU-

The major activities of an operating in regard to memory-management are:

  • Keep track of which parts of memory are currently being used.
  • Decide which processes are loaded into memory when memory space becomes available.
  • Allocate and reallocate memory space as needed.

 

File Management: A file is a collected of related information defined by its creator. Computer can store files on the disk (secondary storage), which provide long term storage. Some examples of storage media are hard disk, Pen drive and compact disk. Each of these media has its own properties like speed, capacity, and data transfer rate, and its access methods.

The five main major activities of an operating system in regard to file management are-

  • The creation and deletion of files.
  • The creation and deletion of directory and sub- directory
  • The support of primitives for manipulating files and directions.
  • The mapping of files onto secondary storage.
  • The backup of files on stable storage media.

 

Device Management: An operating system provides the device management through device drivers. Operating system manages the all input and output devices and control these devices.

Network Management: The processors communicate with one another through communication lines called network. The communication-network design must consider routing and connection strategies, and the problems of contention and security.

Protection System: If a computer system has multiple users and allows the concurrent execution of multiple processes, then the various processes must be protected from one another activities. Protection refers to mechanism for controlling the access of programs, processes to the resources defined by a computer system.

Command Interpreter: A command interpreter is an interface of the operating system with the user. The user gives commands with are executed by operating system. The main function of a command interpreter is to get and execute the next user specified command.

 


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