Parallel Operating System

Parallel Operating System:

Parallel operating systems are designed to speed up execution of programs by dividing the program into multiple segments and processing these segments simultaneously. These systems are also known as multiprocessor systems. Parallel systems deal with the simultaneous use of multiple computer resources, which can include a single computer with multiple Micro-processors, a number of computers connected by a network to form a parallel processing cluster.

Parallel computing is an evolution of serial computing, where the jobs are broken into separate parts that can be executed concurrently. Each part is further broken down to a series of instructions. Instructions from each part execute simultaneously on different Micro-Processor.

This is the following Classification of parallel computing:

 


 

 

 

        Computer systems into four types based on parallelism, but only two of them are relevant to parallel computers. These are the following:-

SIMD: SIMD stands for Single instruction, Stream Multiple Data stream.  Computers are consisting of number of processing units receiving a single stream of instruction from a central control unit and each processing unit operates on a different slice of data. Most SIMD computers operate synchronously using a single block. 







MIMD: MIMD stands for Multiple Instruction stream, multiple data stream.  Computers are consisting of number of processing units, each with its own stream of instruction and each processing unit operate on a different slice of data. This is the most powerful computer system that covers the wide range of multiprocessor systems.

 

Parallel operating systems are mainly concerned with managing the resources of parallel machines. A parallel computer is a set of processors that are able to work cooperatively to solve a problem. A parallel computer may be a supercomputer with hundreds or thousands of processors are used. Previous day’s, parallel computers was   used only in research laboratories to solve scientific problem. Now today, there are a lot of parallel computers available in the market, it is used to execute scientific problem, commercial problem, engineering problem etc. In 21st century, new applications demand faster computers. Commercial applications are the most used on parallel computers. A computer that runs such an application should be able to process large amount of data in sophisticated ways. These applications include data manning, graphics, virtual reality, and decision support, parallel databases, and medicine diagnosis etc.

 

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